| The history of Australia |
| Àâòîð Administrator | |
| 24.04.2008 ã. | |
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Ðåôåðàò íà òåìó: “The history of Australia” Ðàáîòó âûïîëíèëà ñòóäåíòêà Èíñòèòóòà Ìîëîäåæè ãðóïïû ÌÎ- 102 Ìîñêâà 1999 ã. Contents
National anthem, flag and the coat-of-arms…………………………3 General Information about Australia Australia is situated in the south-west of the Pacific Ocean. The area of this country is 7,7 million square kilometres. The population of the country is about 20 million people. The capital is Canberra. The population of Canberra is about 300 thousand people. Official language is English. Australia is the largest island in the world and it is the smallest continent. The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal state. It has got 6 states: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and 2 internal territories. National Anthem, Flag and the Coat-of-Arms Australian national flag consists of 5 white stars of the Southern The flag of Australia is the only one to fly over a whole continent. A distinctive Australia flora and fauna is reflected in the country’s coat-of-arms by the symbols of Australia’s endemic animals; kangaroo and emu and twig of wattle (a kind of acacia). Australia officially adopted green and gold as its national colours in The Australia national anthem was adopted in the 1970ties. It is used on the all official and ceremonial occasions. Terra Incognita (Unknown Land) It is supposed that Australia’s native inhabitants, the Aborigines,
arrived in Australia at least 40,000 years ago. The first Europeans
visited the shores of Australia in 1606. The Spanish ship of Luis Vaes de Abel Tasman, Dutch navigator, visited Tasmania, which he named Van The first Englishman to visit the continent was a buccaneer, William A second wave of immigration began in 1770, when Captain James Cook, of the British Navy, sighted the east coast of the continent. Cook had been sent to Tahiti to make astronomical observations and
when his mission was completed, he sailed south in Endeavour,
circumnavigated New Zealand and headed due west. On April 20, 1770, Cook
sighted land near Cape Everard, in the southeast corner of Australia. He
turned north, charting the coastline as he went and, 9 days later, landed
at Botany Bay, which he named for the variety of botanic specimen found
there. He raised the British flag and claimed New South Wales as a British First European Settlement It is probably due to its geographical position that Australia was the last continent to be inhabited by the white man. It was just a little over 390 years that the Australian continent was discovered. The first landing by Europeans took place in 1606. More than a century and a half later an expedition headed by the British explorer James Cook added the land to the possessions of the British crown. Until the name “Australia” (meaning “South Land”) became generally
accepted for the continent, it had been referred to as New Holland, New The first contingent of the convicts and their guards landed where Australia Day is a very important holiday for the Australians, another equally important holiday is called Anzac Day. Creation of The Commonwealth of Australia In 1901 the separate colonies in Australia merged together and became
the States of the Commonwealth of Australia, which acquired the status of
dominion of Great Britain. The Commonwealth of Australia – a federation of
the 6 former colonies as states – was declared to come into being on The constitution provided for Federal Parliament to sit in Melbourne
until a federal capital territory was selected and established. The present Though Australia now is an independent state, according to the The Commonwealth of Australia is composed of 6 states and 2
territories: the State of New South Wales with its capital in Sydney, the New Crown Colonies Great Britain was on the verge of loosing 13 rebellious American The will to establish new crown colonies was insistent even before the
old ones mere lost. The Parliament debated the site as early as 1779. Only In many ways, America and Australia have had corresponding histories of exploration, colonization, immigration, and growth. Both began with settlements on the fringes of huge continents, gradually pushing inward to cultivate a wilderness interior. And both developed a frontier ethos of independence. As the convicts earned their freedom, they went into the outback and staked claims on land. These men, known as Squatters, raised sheep or cattle, depending on the type of land they found for themselves. Other convicts however reverted to their criminal ways and became
outlaws, raiding the towns and stealing from the squatters. The early part
of Australian history is filled with the tales of the settlers. These
bushrangers often became folk-heroes in the tradition of Robin Hood and The hard rough life in the outback was no place for women. The Australians celebrated their bicentennial beginning Jan. 26, 1988 and
continuing all next year. On that date in 1788, 11 ships arrived from Australia’s Ties With Great Britain And The USA Initially, Britain and the Commonwealth countries were the central elements of Australia’s foreign policy and activity. Later, closer relations were also developed with the USA, partly because of the vital role it played in the Pacific during and after World War II. Australia can seem quite British at times and somewhat American at
others. Political, legal, and educational institutions derive from Britain. American influence comes in culture, technology, defense
arrangements, and business. Books from USA have made a major advance in Significantly, Australian dollar was introduced in 1966. In the past some Australians often felt that Australian culture,
products, accents, lifestyles compared unfavorably with Britain and the Literature: 1. Australia and New Zealand in brief, Ìîñêâà, èçäàòåëüñòâî «Ëèñò», 1998 ã., ñ.223 |
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